A mobile handheld device is a small general-purpose, programmable, battery-powered computer and is small enough to be held in one hand.

• Limited network bandwidth: Though the 5G networks go some way toward addressing this problem, the wireless bandwidth is always far below the bandwidth of wired networks.


• Small screen/body size: This feature restricts most handheld devices from using full-sized keyboards or images.


• High mobility: The high mobility of handheld devices is an obvious feature that separates handheld devices from PCs. This feature also makes possible many new applications such as mobile recommendations that normally cannot be done by PCs.