Linux is the most commonly used operating system on servers, with approximately 80% of all servers running some variation of Linux. Windows is used on about 20% of servers.

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The startup files in Linux are used by the shell program to create a working environment for Linux users to run shell/bash scripts. There are two categories of initialization files read by the shell:


• System-wide startup files, which contain global configurations that apply to all users on the system, and are usually located in the /etc directory.
• User-specific startup files, which are usually in your home directory and their names begin with a period

If you modify the ~/.bash_profile file, you may need to execute the following command to re-compile the new environment:

    shell> source ~/.bash_profile 

An example of ~/.bash_profile file can be found from here. Some startup files are


• /bin/bash, which is the bash executable,


• /etc/profile, which is the systemwide initialization file, executed for login shells,


• ~/.bash_profile, which is the personal initialization file, executed for login shells,


• ~/.bashrc, which is the individual per-interactive-shell startup file,


• ~/.bash_logout, which is the individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login shell exits,


• ~/.inputrc, which is the individual readline initialization file.

Check which shell we are using:

  shell>